Energy of light

Light has a wonderful power over the earth. Light is the main energy provider of earth. The light is applied in many fields. One of the important applications of the light is photoelectric effect. It is a principle in which after absorbing any energy such as X-rays and visible light a matter will emit electron. Such emitted electrons are called as photoelectrons. This principle was discovered by Heinrich Rudolf Hertz. Thus this phenomenon can also be termed as Hertz effect. The main activator of this phenomenon is the photon. Photon is a component of the light which carries energy. The emission of the electrons due to this phenomenon may vary for each metal. It depends on the intensity of the radiation and nature of the metal. The photoelectric effect is applied in many fields. The results of the various experiments conducted by many gave the following postulates. The amount of the photoelectrons emitted is directly proportional to the intensity of the radiation. Each metal has a property such that below a particular frequency of the radiation the emission of the photoelectrons is not possible. The frequency is called as threshold frequency. Some of the applications are image sensors, gold leaf electroscope, photoelectron spectroscopy and night vision devices.

Gathering information from a distance

Gathering information about a particular region was difficult in olden days. In olden days people have to directly visit the place for knowing the information about the place. This wasted time and energy. Human found a method called remote sensing for the purpose of collecting information about a place. In the starting time of using this method normal aircraft was used. But it was not efficient as the clear pictures of an area. Then the technologies improved and we started using spacecrafts and satellites for remote sensing. The remote sensing is used for observation of earth, weather forecasting and even can observe the oceans. The methods involved in remote sensing include the usage of ultrasound, space probes and magnetic resonance imaging. The remote sensing is classified into two types. One is passive sensor. This deals with the detection of the natural sunlight which are reflected and emitted by the objects. The photography is a good example for the passive sensors. The second one is active sensors. In this type the emitted or reflected radiation is measured. The radiation may not be natural sunlight. A good example for this type is RADAR. The most important advantage of the remote sensing is that it can access to the areas which cannot be accessed directly by human.

Robots with human feel

Technological advancements made many typical and peculiar innovations. This also made machines in human form. Such machines are called as cyborgs. The cyborg is a mixture of natural and artificial components. Cyborgs are completely dependent on the technology. Apart from cyborgs in human form they are also used as small components in many fields. Pace maker is an example for such cyborgs. It is called so because the non natural parts are used to simulate the heart which is natural component. The cyborgs are used in many fields. They are basically defined as cybernetic organisms. The idea of cyborgs was initiated in novels before the cyborgs were designed. This made the technologists to find such an organism which can feel like human and can do extraordinary work like robots with great physical strength. A British scientist Mr. Kevin Warwick initiated the great ideas about the cyborgs practically. He used himself for his projects regarding the cyborgs. He inserted number of electrodes into his nervous system and connected them to the internet and made a hand a robot to move. These ideas defined that the cyborgs can be partially living beings. Simply to tell the cyborgs are the robots with the feeling of normal human.

Intelligence beyond the human

Artificial Intelligence is main key for many machines in today’s world. The artificial intelligence is application of logical thinking which cannot be done by human easily. A very good application of artificial intelligence is Robotics. The artificial Intelligence is not only applied in machines and robots. It is also used in many software applications. The artificial intelligence is also applied in games and other software. Artificial intelligence uses reasoning. The applications of artificial intelligence in robotics are both a great boon and bane for the human kind. The robots can make the work of human being. The robots can help in many ways. The robots are mainly used in industrial sectors. In nuclear reactors the robots are used as human cannot get into the chamber of the nuclear reactor to repair the machines. The robots are thus used in places where human cannot get direct access physically. The robots can even be used for cooking, washing, cleaning and other household works. The disadvantages of the robots are that if the robots are given with higher intelligence then they may get over the human race and may bring to the extinction of human race. So the application of artificial intelligence must be limited.

Powerful method for communication

Transmission of data is now possible event through a pin hole. The Fiber-optic communication is a good example for this. This communication is a type of communication in which the data is sent by transmitting the light pulses through an optical fiber. An electromagnetic wave formed due to the light is used as the carrier wave to carry the data. The electromagnetic wave thus produced is modulated before the transmission of data. In earlier times the electrical transmission was used to send the data from one place to another. The optical fiber has overcome the limitations of the electrical transmission of data. Thus the fiber-optic communication has become very famous and many networking environments started to use it. The fiber optic communication is mainly used by many telecommunication companies. The fiber optic communication is employed for the purpose of telephone communication and internet connection. The fiber optic communication is preferred for the long distance communication which replaced the usage of copper wires. The properties of the fiber optic communication that enable long distance communication are lower interference and attenuation. In the transmitter side of this communication the semiconductors like light emitting diodes are used. The receiver side has the semiconductor such as photo diode. Though the fiber optic has many advantages it is not preferred in short range communication.

Communication through the light

Optical communication is the type of communication which uses the light as the medium of transmission. Like all other communications optical communication also has a transmitter and a receiver. In the transmitter part the message is encoded into an optical signal. The receiver decodes the received optical signal into the original message. The particular channel is selected for the transmission of the signal to carry the signal to the receiver. The optical communication is of many forms. The optical communication is used in both technical and non technical fields. Coming to the technical fields, the optical communication is used in fiber optic communication, free space optical communication and optical telegraph. In airports the optical communication is used for the safe landing of the aircraft by using the landing lights. The simple and non technical applications of optical communication include smoke signals, semaphore lines, Morse code and lighthouse. The optical communication is having a greater part in the easy way of making the communication of signals. Important radiation used in the optical communication is infrared radiation. The other radiations are also used in this type of communication. The communication through the fiber cables made the optical communication more efficient and useful.

The useful radiation

Infrared radiation is the electromagnetic radiation which has a wavelength above 700 nanometer and 100 micrometer. This is not in the range of visible light. The infrared radiation is near red color of the visible light. The Infrared radiations are said to be produced by rigorous heating. The infrared radiation has wide range of applications in our day today life. The radiation is used by normal civilian to military people. The infrared radiations are used in telecommunications. The type of telecommunication in which infrared radiations are used is optical communications. The infrared radiations are used in medical fields too. The infrared radiations are used in physiotherapy due to its heating effect. The infrared radiations are also used in forensics. The infrared radiation is said to be a great gift to many technologies. This radiation’s important property is he heating effect. The infrared radiation is one of the radiations which heats up the surface of the earth. The infrared radiations are used for differentiating the temperatures. This property of infrared radiation is used in finding the infected regions of a patient by finding the hot areas on the skin. The remote controls also use this radiation to transmit the signal. Thus infrared radiation is a great boon for the science and technology.